Subsurface geology is a branch of geology that focuses on studying the composition, structure, and properties of the Earth's subsurface layers below the ground surface. This field involves analyzing the different types of rocks, minerals, and formations that make up the Earth's crust, as well as investigating the processes that have shaped these layers over time. Subsurface geology plays a crucial role in various industries, including oil and gas exploration, mining, and environmental management, as it helps to identify potential resources, hazards, and vulnerabilities beneath the Earth's surface. Researchers in this field use a variety of techniques, such as seismic imaging, well logging, and geophysical surveys, to study and map the subsurface geology of different regions.